Eel baskets were placed in gaps of stone and wooden fish traps with an opening to capture mature eels and let immature eels through. The baskets were mostly woven with Common Reed and Spear grass found in the area. Basket making was commonly performed by women.
Project: Aboriginal eel Aquaculture – Gunditjmara Country.
Climate: Temperate – Warm-summer Mediterranean
Year: 4000 BC
Water type: Fresh water
Landscape: Volcano stream
Meaning: Utilitarian
Water workers and users: Aboriginal fishers
Material: Common Reed (Phragmites australis) and Spear grass (Heteropogon contortus)
Kamalir and Nandur Clearing waterways and planting rice
Kamalir is cleaning waterways from weeds and parasites. It is done by the men in Kampung Naga as part of regular community activities before the planting season. Nandur is the activity of planting rice in the fields. This includes regulating the amount of water collected in each parcel to suit the needs of rice seeds to grow properly.
In Kampung Naga, rice is pounded manually using traditional tools. This activity is carried out at the rice husking station which is built on a fishpond. Rice husks will be thrown into fishpond to feed the fish.
Nyusu air – spring water – is the only source of drinking water in Kampung Naga. The inhabitants collect the Nyusu water from the faucet at a platform on a fishpond.
Project: Kampung Naga
Climate: Tropical – Mild temperate humid
Year: Current
Water Type: Fresh water
Landscape: Plains
Meaning: Utilitarian
Water workers & users: Inhabitants
Material: Concrete & Bamboo
Period: Fixed construction for daily activities
Use or Function : Collect potable water from the spring
In Kampung Naga, toilet units were built above the fishponds in a communal area outside the settlement area. Each latrine has 2 water tanks that separate water from the river and the spring.
In the settlement area of Kampung Naga, the use of water is only found at the mosque, as part of religious rituals before prayer. Besides, sometimes people also use it to wash food materials. This water tub has 2 tanks which are used to separate water from the river or the spring.
Project: Kampung Naga
Climate: Tropical – Mild temperate humid
Year: Current
Water Type: Fresh water
Landscape: Plains
Meaning: Utilitarian
Water workers & users: Inhabitants
Material: Concrete & Stone
Period: Fixed construction for daily activities
Use or Function : Cleaning rituals before prayer, washing food materials
The action of turning up the earth when the fields are flooded with a plough that is made of locally available materials, like wood, in order to improve the workability of the soil. In the older days and even nowadays, some of the farmers employ cattle, like cows, to pull the plough manually.
Project Name: Kuttanad Kayalnilam Agrosystem, Kerala, India
Climate: Tropical monsoon
Year: 1880 – 1974 (a modified version still in use)
Water type: Seasonal mixing of saline and freshwater
Landscape type: Polder landscape in a deltaic basin
Meaning: Utilitarian landscape
Water Workers and Users: Farmers and fishermen
Soil: Sandy loam clay formed from riverine and lacustrine deposits
Rainwater and natural stormwater channels from Delhi ridge are stored in the ground and it is directly accessible to people by a flight of stairs. The narrow staircase is divided into three parts, which runs along the inner three walls of rectangular baoli.
Project Name: Delhi Sultanate Waterworks, Ancient network of water harvesting structures, Delhi, India
Climate: Overlap of humid subtropical and semi-arid
Literally the term Nasone means big nose. It is the typical roman freshwater drinking fountain. The city of Rome began installing nasoni around the 1870s to provide fresh water supplies for citizens; today there are still between 2500 and 2800 Nasoni in Rome.
Project Name: The Roman Aqueducts – Rome, Italy.
Climate: Temperate – Mediterranean Climate
Year: 1874
Water Type: Drinkable
Meaning: Fountains of contemporary Rome
Users: Citizens
Accessibility: Public
Materials: Cast iron
Temporality: Fixed
Form: Point
Use or function: Aside from the social-welfare benefits of supplying drinkable water to citizens, nasoni serve as needed ventilation valves for the Roman water-supply system.
From Latin mostrare, to show, to reveal, to exhibit. It was the name for a large public fountain with monumental functions. Usually, they were the terminus of an aqueduct.
