Gnarraban

Gnarraban
Eel basket

Eel baskets were placed in gaps of stone and wooden fish traps with an opening to capture mature eels and let immature eels through. The baskets were mostly woven with Common Reed and Spear grass found in the area. Basket making was commonly performed by women.

  • Project: Aboriginal eel Aquaculture – Gunditjmara Country.
  • Climate: Temperate – Warm-summer Mediterranean
  • Year: 4000 BC
  • Water type: Fresh water
  • Landscape: Volcano stream
  • Meaning: Utilitarian
  • Water workers and users: Aboriginal fishers
  • Material: Common Reed (Phragmites australis) and Spear grass (Heteropogon contortus)
  • Temporality: Seasonal, autumn and winter
  • Use or Function: Capture eels

Kamalir and Nandur

Kamalir and Nandur
Clearing waterways and planting rice

Kamalir is cleaning waterways from weeds and parasites. It is done by the men in Kampung Naga as part of regular community activities before the planting season. Nandur is the activity of planting rice in the fields. This includes regulating the amount of water collected in each parcel to suit the needs of rice seeds to grow properly.

  • Project: Kampung Naga
  • Climate: Tropical – Mild temperate humid
  • Year: Current
  • Water Type: Fresh water
  • Landscape: Terraced valley
  • Meaning : Utilitarian
  • Water workers & users: Inhabitants/ Farmers
  • Material: Paddy soils
  • Period: Fixed parcels
  • Use or Function : Agriculture

Rice husking station

Rice husking station

In Kampung Naga, rice is pounded manually using traditional tools. This activity is carried out at the rice husking station which is built on a fishpond. Rice husks will be thrown into fishpond to feed the fish.

  • Project:: Kampung Naga
  • Climate: Tropical – Mild temperate humid
  • Year: Current
  • Water Type: Fresh water
  • Landscape: Plains
  • Meaning: Utilitarian
  • Water workers & users: Inhabitants/Women
  • Material: Concrete, Stone, Wood & Bamboo
  • Period: Fixed construction for daily activities
  • Use or Function : Rice husking station

Nyusu Air

Nyusu Air
Platform at spring water

Nyusu air – spring water – is the only source of drinking water in Kampung Naga. The inhabitants collect the Nyusu water from the faucet at a platform on a fishpond.

  • Project: Kampung Naga
  • Climate: Tropical – Mild temperate humid
  • Year: Current
  • Water Type: Fresh water
  • Landscape: Plains
  • Meaning: Utilitarian
  • Water workers & users: Inhabitants
  • Material: Concrete & Bamboo
  • Period: Fixed construction for daily activities
  • Use or Function : Collect potable water from the spring

Latrine

Latrine

In Kampung Naga, toilet units were built above the fishponds in a communal area outside the settlement area. Each latrine has 2 water tanks that separate water from the river and the spring.

  • Project: Kampung Naga
  • Climate: Tropical – Mild temperate humid
  • Year: Current
  • Water Type: Fresh water
  • Landscape: Plains
  • Meaning: Utilitarian
  • Water workers & users: Inhabitants
  • Material: Concrete, Stone, Wood & Bamboo
  • Period: Fixed construction for daily activities
  • Use or Function : Toilet & washing station

Cleaning the Mosque

Cleaning the mosque

In the settlement area of Kampung Naga, the use of water is only found at the mosque, as part of religious rituals before prayer. Besides, sometimes people also use it to wash food materials. This water tub has 2 tanks which are used to separate water from the river or the spring.

  • Project: Kampung Naga
  • Climate: Tropical – Mild temperate humid
  • Year: Current
  • Water Type: Fresh water
  • Landscape: Plains
  • Meaning: Utilitarian
  • Water workers & users: Inhabitants
  • Material: Concrete & Stone
  • Period: Fixed construction for daily activities
  • Use or Function : Cleaning rituals before prayer, washing food materials

Wet ploughing

Wet ploughing

The action of turning up the earth when the fields are flooded with a plough that is made of locally available materials, like wood, in order to improve the workability of the soil. In the older days and even nowadays, some of the farmers employ cattle, like cows, to pull the plough manually.

  • Project Name: Kuttanad Kayalnilam Agrosystem, Kerala, India
  • Climate: Tropical monsoon
  • Year: 1880 – 1974 (a modified version still in use)
  • Water type: Seasonal mixing of saline and freshwater
  • Landscape type: Polder landscape in a deltaic basin
  • Meaning: Utilitarian landscape
  • Water Workers and Users: Farmers and fishermen
  • Soil: Sandy loam clay formed from riverine and lacustrine deposits
  • Material: Timber
  • Period: Seasonal
  • Use or function: Tilt wet soil

Baoli (water stories)

Baoli
Stepwell

Rainwater and natural stormwater channels from Delhi ridge are stored in the ground and it is directly accessible to people by a flight of stairs. The narrow staircase is divided into three parts, which runs along the inner three walls of rectangular baoli.

  • Project Name: Delhi Sultanate Waterworks, Ancient network of water harvesting structures, Delhi, India
  • Climate: Overlap of humid subtropical and semi-arid
  • Year: 1206 A.D. – 1526 A.D.
  • Water type: Drinkable rainwater
  • Landscape type: Ridge landscape
  • Altitude: 220-230 m.a.s.l
  • Soil condition: Alluvium, Quartzitic ridge
  • Material: Delhi quartzite stone
  • Period: Fixed
  • Form: Surface
  • Use or function: Water harvesting

Nasone

Nasone
Freshwater drinking fountain

Literally the term Nasone means big nose. It is the typical roman freshwater drinking fountain. The city of Rome began installing nasoni around the 1870s to provide fresh water supplies for citizens; today there are still between 2500 and 2800 Nasoni in Rome.

  • Project Name: The Roman Aqueducts – Rome, Italy.
  • Climate: Temperate – Mediterranean Climate
  • Year: 1874
  • Water Type: Drinkable
  • Meaning: Fountains of contemporary Rome
  • Users: Citizens
  • Accessibility: Public
  • Materials: Cast iron
  • Temporality: Fixed
  • Form: Point
  • Use or function: Aside from the social-welfare benefits of supplying drinkable water to citizens, nasoni serve as needed ventilation valves for the Roman water-supply system.

Mostra d’acqua

Mostra d’acqua
Water fountain

From Latin mostrare, to show, to reveal, to exhibit. It was the name for a large public fountain with monumental functions. Usually, they were the terminus of an aqueduct.

  • Project Name: The Roman Aqueducts, Rome, Italy
  • Climate: Temperate, Mediterranean Climate
  • Year: III B.C – I A.D. century
  • Water Type: Drinkable, freshwater
  • Landscape Type: Not relevant
  • Meaning: Representation, exhibition
  • Users: Citizens
  • Accessibility: Mainly public
  • Soil condition: Not relevant
  • Materials: Travertine and Carrara marble
  • Temporality: Fixed
  • Form: Point
  • Use or Functions: To drink, ornamental